Water, which has been heated by an industrials process or an air conditioning condenser, is pumped through the pipe into the cooling tower. Water circulates through nozzles on the coast of a material called “fill,” which slows down the flow of water through the cooling tower & exposes as much water surface area as possible for maximum air-to-water contact.

As the waters flow through the cooling tower, it is exposed to air, which is being pulled through the tower by an electric motor-driven fan. When water and air meet, a small amount of water evaporates, leading to a cooling action.

The cooling waters are then pumped back into the condensers or process types of equipment, where it absorbs heat. It will then be pumped backs to the cooling towers once again to cool.
Cooling Towers Fundamentals provides a level of basic cooling tower knowledge and is a great resource for those wanting to learn more. Industrial cooling towers are an effective way of transporting unwanted heat from one place to another using water, where transport media is used in applications where cold water is in the temperature range of 70 ° F to 100 ° F (21-37°c). Must be a reliable source.

Cooling towers are commonly used for cool products, including injection molding, tools and die-cutting, food and beverage, chemicals, lasers, machine tools, semiconductors, and more in a multitude of applications. While there are different manufacturers using different designs, all cooling towers operate using the same principle of evaporative cooling.

Working of Cooling Towers:

Hot water from power plants or industries circulates on the fills (heat exchanging surface) through nozzles connected to hot water pipes. Fills have a hexagonal cavity over them that allows the diffusing water to slowly move down. And the air from the bottom of the cooling tower moves upwards and fills.
When air and hot water come in contact with each other, air takes latent heat from the water and cools it. The air takes heat from the water, so it becomes hot, and due to this, it evaporates some water and cools the water further. As we all know that evaporation gives a cooling effect, i.e., where evaporation occurs on the surfaces from which evaporation is cooling. After cooling the hot water, the air moves upward with evaporated water.

Above the hot water pipe, we have a drift eliminator. The drift eliminator cools most of the water vapor and prevents it from escaping from the cooling tower. Some water vapor that is too low may escape. The hot air finishes the flow and escapes from the cooling tower.
Some of you may wonder why theses is going to end the drift, so I will tell, so this remover is reducing the water loss from the cooling tower. As the water is filled, it gets colder and colder, and finally, it gets collected in the basin.

And from the basin, the cooling water is circulated to the condenser of the power plant and industrial machinery for the purposes of re-cooling. The circulation of water inside and outside the cooling tower is done using centrifugal pumps.

Types of Cooling Towers:

Cooling tower systems are often important for industrial processes. These elongated, open-ended, cylindrical structures are responsible for the cooling water generated by industrial or HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) comfort cooling airflows.

They are classified by the types of the draft (natural or mechanical) and the direction of airflow (counter or cross).

1. Natural Draught Cooling Tower

In this type of cooling tower, the fan is not used to circulate air, but here, it is used to enclose the hot air in the chimney, and this will cause the hot air and the surrounding air. A pressure difference will arise. These pressure differences cause air to enter the cooling tower. This requires a larger hyperbolic tower, so capital costs are higher, but operating costs are lower in the absence of an electric fan. There are two types of natural draft cooling towers, rectangular wooden towers S and reinforced concrete hyperbolic towers.

2. Forced Draught Cooling Tower

In such a cooling tower, the fan is used to circulate air. When a power plant operates at peak load, it requires a large amount of cold water. To rotate the fan, it uses a motor with a speed of about 1000 rpm. The working principle is similar to the natural draft cooling tower, the only difference being that the fan is placed on the cooling tower here. If the fan is mounted on the top of the tower, an induced draft is called the cooling tower, which is most popular for installation of very large capacity and requires a large capacity of the fan. So, the forced draft cooling tower has a horizontal shaft for the fan and is placed under the tower, and the induced draft cooling tower has a vertical shaft and is placed on top of the cooling tower.

3. Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower

Air is forced through the structure by the fan, which transmits air through the tower. Common fans used in these towers include propeller fans and centrifugal fans. While mechanical draft towers are more effective than natural draft towers, as a result, they consume more power and cost.

4. Crossflow Cooling Tower

There is a design that allows air to flow horizontally through the filler and tower structure into an open plenum area. Hot water flows downstream from the distribution basins. However, fans and motor drives require weather-proofing against moisture, which can make freezing less efficient.

5. Counterflow Cooling Tower

There is a design where the air moves upward and comes counter-current with a hot spring to cool the air. This allows maximum performance from each planning area and helps reduce pump requirements. In addition, counterflow cooling tower systems are less likely to freeze ice in cold weather and save energy in the long run. All Delta cooling towers retract from these advantages.

6. Inspired Draft Cooling Tower

They are usually placed on top of a cooling tower with a fan, which vents hot air and draws out the entire air. Higher exit air velocities reduce the probability of re-circulation. Discarding stream In order to avoid the entry of water droplets into the air, the flow eliminator is used. Driven draft towers are more efficient because they use 30% to 75% less energy than forced draft designs.

What Is Cooling Towers? | Working of Cooling Towers | Types of Cooling Towers (mechanicaljungle.com)